Isqhema Esitjha Sabantu
Eminyakeni eyi-2000 eyadlulako, kwafika isqhema esitjha sabantu. Gade bahlobene nabathwa, ebanomehluko munye omkhulu. Gade batjala, abalimi egade bakhamba bafuduka nemihlambi yezimvu zekhaya ezinemisila enonileko. Lada, bagcina sele batjala nentjalo, bafuya nenkomo begodu ngenkhathi zekholoni, gade bahlanganisa iimbuzi kanye nenlwane zomango egade bazibamba bazivalela. Gade basazuma iimbandana, ifuyo yabo bayihlaba kwaphela nakuneminyanya, kodwana ukufika kwama-khoikhoi kwenza bona bathome ukuphila ngendlela etja.
Indabuko yama-khoikhoi ayaziwa kuhle. Abatloli bekholoni bakade batleyima kobana bavela e-Asia, bafudukela etjingalanga lokha nakunenkhukhula ezikulu. Abanye bathi babuya kuma-Hamatic nanyana kuma-jewish. Ekuthomeni kwe-century, abatloli be-History u-Stow kanye no-Cooke batlola kobana bavela emadamini amakhulu we-Africa ephakathi ngaphambi kokobana bafudukele etlhagwini ye-subcontinent. Kodwana abatloli bomlando beskhathi sanje, ebafana no-Richard Elphick, benze iimfundo ezingeneleleko zezelimi lama-Khoikhoi begodu nje sele bavuma kobana bavela e-Zambezi Valley epumalanga yeBotswana.
Itjhuguluko
Lapha, abalimaba batjhuguluka ekubeni bazumi kanye nababutheleli baya esikweni lokufuya ifuyo yekhaya. Umhlobo lo wethekunoloji yokulima uvela e-middle east eminyakeni eyi-10 000 eyadlulako. Yafika eencenyeni ze-Sahara esepumalanga eminyakeni eyi-7000 eyadlulako yaragela phambili yarhatjheka ne-Africa yoke, lapha yambelekelwa mhlobo webantu ye-West–Africa.
Abantwaba, baragela phambili ngesiko labo lokulima nabo lokhanabathoma ukufudukela etjingalanga bafika e-East Africa eminyyakeni eyi-4000 eyadlulako kanye neSewula–Africa kesinye iskhathi lada.Kuqatjangwa bona ama-khoikhoi akopa injwayelo yokulima le emhlobeni wabantu. Nanyana kunjalo, kunabanye abatloli abatleyima kobana ama-khoikhoi atlama ijwayelo yokulima babodwa nanyana bazithomela, kodwana iimfundiswa lezi zisaphikiswana.
Nanyana kunjalo, ama-Khoikhoi agcina sele alima, bathatha izimvu zabo bafudukela etjingalanga,bawelela umlambo i-Orange Rive eduze kwalapha kuhlangana khona imilambo ye-Vaal hlangana kweminyaka yabo-2000 kanye ne-1600 eyadlulako. Ukusukela lapha, bathoma barhatjheka bangena epumalanga kanye netjingalanga yesifunda se-Western Cape. Isitjhaba sabantu, encenyeni yaso safika eSewula–Africa ngemva kwama-khoikhoi sazinza e-plateu ephakathi.
Isitjhaba Esingafaniko
Ngeskhathi sama-Khoikhoi azibonakalisa isitjhaba esihlukileko, istjhaba ngasinye gade sinelimu laso lesigodi kanye nesifunda salo. Indlela yabo yokuhlala le gade ihleleke ngesistimu yengaba okuya ngokobana ngubani ikosabo, induna kanye nokobana babuya ekorweni yiphi. Ukwenza isibonelo, sinama-Cochoqua kanye nama-Guriqua etjingalanga, ama-Chainaqua, Hessequa, Gouriqua, Attaqua kanye nama-Houteniqua wepumalanga kanye Nama-Goringhaiqua, Gorachouqua kanye nama-Goringhaikona weKapa.
Emlonyeni we-Orange River, ama-Khoikhoi ahlukaniseka abazinqhema ezimbili. Isqhema se-Great Namaqua sanzinza emlanjeni wenarha esele ibizwa bona yi-Namibia. Isqhema se-Little Namaqua sahlala enarheni ebizwa bona yitjingalanga, batlama iinkoro ezihlanu hlangana ne-Orange River kanye nalapha sele kubizwa bona yi-Vanrhynsdorp kwanjesi. Abantwaba bapha isifundesi ibizo lesimanjemanje begodu ngibo esele kuma-Nama wanamhlanjesi, abasahlala e- Richtersveld.
Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana